Define a boundary
Name the activity and where it starts and ends. Record what you observe separately from suspected causes.
MINELIFTER / operations
Start with the operating reality.
Frame a problem around a process boundary, observed constraints and available records.
Make the evidence traceable
Describe the period, units, source and limits of available records. A bottleneck hypothesis needs investigation; it is not a finding.
Frame a useful objective
State the desired operational outcome and constraints. Do not assume that a particular technology is the answer.